See Kugel on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kugëll"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "Christmas ornament",
"word": "kugel"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kùgla"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Kugel"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"meanings other than \"crutch\""
],
"word": "kula"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kugla"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"kugel(e)",
"kugele#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"coghele",
"coghele#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"coeghele",
"coeghele#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"kogel",
"kogel#Dutch"
],
[
"*kugulā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kugulā"
],
[
"cudgel",
"cudgel#English"
],
[
"*kuggil",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kuggil"
],
[
"*kuggǭ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuggǭ"
],
[
"Kogge",
"Kogge#German"
],
[
"gugà",
"guga#Lithuanian"
],
[
"gogël",
"gogël#Albanian"
],
[
"*gew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gew-"
],
[
"kauern",
"kauern#German"
],
[
"Keule",
"Keule#German"
],
[
"Koben",
"Koben#German"
],
[
"Kuhle",
"Kuhle#German"
],
[
"Quaddel",
"Quaddel#German"
],
[
"skittle",
"skittle"
],
[
"bowling",
"bowling"
],
[
"Low German",
"Low German"
],
[
"West Central German",
"West Central German"
],
[
"Klotz",
"Klotz#German"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "kugele",
"4": "kugel(e)"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German kugel(e)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "coghele, coeghele"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch coghele, coeghele",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kugulā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kugulā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cudgel"
},
"expansion": "English cudgel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kuggil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kuggil",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kuggǭ",
"t": "cog, swelling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kogge",
"t": "roundish ship"
},
"expansion": "German Kogge (“roundish ship”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gugà",
"t": "hump"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gugà (“hump”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gogël",
"t": "acorn"
},
"expansion": "Albanian gogël (“acorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gew-",
"t": "to bow, bend, arch, curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "Further discussion"
},
"expansion": "Further discussion",
"name": "col-top"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German kugel(e), of unknown origin. It is not clear whether Middle Dutch coghele, coeghele (modern kogel) is a cognate or rather a borrowing from High German. In the former case it would require a Proto-West Germanic *kugulā.\nPossibly related with English cudgel, from Proto-West Germanic *kuggil, a derivative of Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”), whence German Kogge (“roundish ship”). This group has been compared to words like Lithuanian gugà (“hump”), Albanian gogël (“acorn”), and may be further derived from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”). Other German words that may be related to this root include kauern, Keule, Koben, Kuhle, Quaddel.\nFurther discussion\nThe word appears from the Middle High German period referring to a ball used in games, e.g. skittles / bowling. A Swiss dialect form has an additional r, in Krugle, found already in Middle High German in the diminutive form krúgellin (Konrad of Würzburg, d. 1287). Another variant is contracted kūle, kaule, kulle. Low German and parts of West Central German used cognates of Klotz for the ball in skittles.\nThe sense “bullet” is probably an extension of the former use. However, it could theoretically be older than the introduction of firearms, because lead or iron spheres were already used as projectiles fired with slingshots.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Kugel",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Kügelchen",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "Kügelein",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "Küglein",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugerl",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "^chen,Kügeleinboth rare,Küglein,Kugerl"
},
"expansion": "Kugel f (genitive Kugel, plural Kugeln, diminutive Kügelchen n or (both rare) Kügelein n or Küglein n or Kugerl n)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "13th century",
"references": []
}
],
"glosses": [
"a ball, usually solid"
],
"id": "en-Kugel-de-noun-2EObfyEJ",
"links": [
[
"ball",
"ball"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "15th century",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Firearms",
"orig": "de:Firearms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 24 26 8 12 8 17 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 20 19 4 10 3 12 2 4 1 22 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"english": "The bullet went right through the heart.",
"text": "Die Kugel ging mitten ins Herz.",
"translation": "The bullet went right through the heart.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bullet, projectile"
],
"id": "en-Kugel-de-noun-q~SFCvjs",
"links": [
[
"firearm",
"firearm"
],
[
"bullet",
"bullet"
],
[
"projectile",
"projectile"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(firearms) bullet, projectile"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Projektil"
},
{
"word": "Geschoss"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"firearms",
"government",
"military",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"politics",
"tools",
"war",
"weaponry"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Firearms",
"orig": "de:Firearms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 24 26 8 12 8 17 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 20 19 4 10 3 12 2 4 1 22 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"english": "He had three rounds left in the magazine.",
"text": "Er hatte noch drei Kugeln im Magazin.",
"translation": "He had three rounds left in the magazine.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"round, cartridge, bullet"
],
"id": "en-Kugel-de-noun-4Zvyhtb6",
"links": [
[
"firearm",
"firearm"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"cartridge",
"cartridge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(firearms, loosely) round, cartridge, bullet"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Patrone"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"firearms",
"government",
"military",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"politics",
"tools",
"war",
"weaponry"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 12 11 23 17 17 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Toys",
"orig": "de:Toys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"alt": "kuglicht",
"word": "kugelig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "kugeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "verkugeln"
}
],
"glosses": [
"scoop"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Babykugel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Bowlingkugel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Christbaumkugel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Erdkugel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Gewehrkugel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Glaskugel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Halbkugel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Kristallkugel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Mottenkugel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Schneekugel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Schrotkugel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Stangenkugel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Weihnachtsbaumkugel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Weihnachtskugel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Weltkugel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Zielkugel"
}
],
"id": "en-Kugel-de-noun-c5Ejtman",
"links": [
[
"scoop",
"scoop"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of ice cream) scoop"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of ice cream"
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Kugelblitz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Kugelbombe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Kugelfisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Kugelgelenk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Kugelkopf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Kugellager"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Kugeloberfäche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Kugelschreiber"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Kugelstoßen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 16 15 22 16 16 16",
"word": "Kugelumfang"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Bällchen"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "16th century",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "de:Astronomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Geography",
"orig": "de:Geography",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 24 26 8 12 8 17 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"orb, globe, celestial body"
],
"id": "en-Kugel-de-noun-2n5Yy88c",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"orb",
"orb"
],
[
"globe",
"globe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy, geography) orb, globe, celestial body"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "16th century",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Geometry",
"orig": "de:Geometry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sphere, orb"
],
"id": "en-Kugel-de-noun-mAkj5NMt",
"links": [
[
"geometry",
"geometry"
],
[
"sphere",
"sphere"
],
[
"orb",
"orb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geometry) sphere, orb"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Sphäre"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"geometry",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Heraldic charges",
"orig": "de:Heraldic charges",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 24 26 8 12 8 17 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 20 19 4 10 3 12 2 4 1 22 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"roundel (of any tincture)"
],
"id": "en-Kugel-de-noun-jDXuRrIL",
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"roundel",
"roundel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) roundel (of any tincture)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkuːɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "De-Kugel.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/De-Kugel.ogg/De-Kugel.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/De-Kugel.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "Kugel"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Kugel",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "Kugel f (genitive Kugel, plural Kugeln)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "cowl",
"word": "Kogel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of Kogel (“cowl”)"
],
"id": "en-Kugel-de-noun-NwcY-83L",
"links": [
[
"Kogel",
"Kogel#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkuːɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "De-Kugel.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/De-Kugel.ogg/De-Kugel.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/De-Kugel.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "Kugel"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"kugel(e)",
"kugele#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"Kugel",
"Kugel#German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "kugele",
"4": "kugel(e)"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German kugel(e)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kugel"
},
"expansion": "German Kugel",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German kugel(e). See German Kugel for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Kugelen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Kigelchen",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "Kigelchen"
},
"expansion": "Kugel f (plural Kugelen, diminutive Kigelchen)",
"name": "lb-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ball, usually solid"
],
"id": "en-Kugel-lb-noun-yF00MXCs",
"links": [
[
"ball",
"ball"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Bull"
},
{
"word": "Klatz"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bullet, projectile"
],
"id": "en-Kugel-lb-noun-q~SFCvjs",
"links": [
[
"bullet",
"bullet"
],
[
"projectile",
"projectile"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Projektil"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkuʁəl]"
}
],
"word": "Kugel"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"Kugel",
"Kugel#German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "de",
"3": "Kugel"
},
"expansion": "German Kugel",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German Kugel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Kugels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Kuglen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "Kugel f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "Kugels",
"pl2": "Kuglen"
},
"expansion": "Kugel f (plural Kugels or Kuglen)",
"name": "pdt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 15 14 6 9 5 8 3 6 1 30 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 20 19 4 10 3 12 2 4 1 22 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Plautdietsch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"word": "Kjäajelkugel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ball, sphere"
],
"id": "en-Kugel-pdt-noun-EjYhmYOc",
"links": [
[
"ball",
"ball"
],
[
"sphere",
"sphere"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Baul"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bullet, shell"
],
"id": "en-Kugel-pdt-noun-OsaJm6Cp",
"links": [
[
"bullet",
"bullet"
],
[
"shell",
"shell"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Patroon"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "Kugel"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German feminine nouns",
"German lemmas",
"German nouns",
"German terms derived from Germanic languages",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"de:Toys"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "kuglicht",
"word": "kugelig"
},
{
"word": "kugeln"
},
{
"word": "verkugeln"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kugëll"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "Christmas ornament",
"word": "kugel"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kùgla"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Kugel"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"meanings other than \"crutch\""
],
"word": "kula"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kugla"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"kugel(e)",
"kugele#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"coghele",
"coghele#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"coeghele",
"coeghele#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"kogel",
"kogel#Dutch"
],
[
"*kugulā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kugulā"
],
[
"cudgel",
"cudgel#English"
],
[
"*kuggil",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kuggil"
],
[
"*kuggǭ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuggǭ"
],
[
"Kogge",
"Kogge#German"
],
[
"gugà",
"guga#Lithuanian"
],
[
"gogël",
"gogël#Albanian"
],
[
"*gew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gew-"
],
[
"kauern",
"kauern#German"
],
[
"Keule",
"Keule#German"
],
[
"Koben",
"Koben#German"
],
[
"Kuhle",
"Kuhle#German"
],
[
"Quaddel",
"Quaddel#German"
],
[
"skittle",
"skittle"
],
[
"bowling",
"bowling"
],
[
"Low German",
"Low German"
],
[
"West Central German",
"West Central German"
],
[
"Klotz",
"Klotz#German"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "kugele",
"4": "kugel(e)"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German kugel(e)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "coghele, coeghele"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch coghele, coeghele",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kugulā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kugulā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cudgel"
},
"expansion": "English cudgel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kuggil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kuggil",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kuggǭ",
"t": "cog, swelling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kogge",
"t": "roundish ship"
},
"expansion": "German Kogge (“roundish ship”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gugà",
"t": "hump"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gugà (“hump”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gogël",
"t": "acorn"
},
"expansion": "Albanian gogël (“acorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gew-",
"t": "to bow, bend, arch, curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "Further discussion"
},
"expansion": "Further discussion",
"name": "col-top"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German kugel(e), of unknown origin. It is not clear whether Middle Dutch coghele, coeghele (modern kogel) is a cognate or rather a borrowing from High German. In the former case it would require a Proto-West Germanic *kugulā.\nPossibly related with English cudgel, from Proto-West Germanic *kuggil, a derivative of Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”), whence German Kogge (“roundish ship”). This group has been compared to words like Lithuanian gugà (“hump”), Albanian gogël (“acorn”), and may be further derived from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”). Other German words that may be related to this root include kauern, Keule, Koben, Kuhle, Quaddel.\nFurther discussion\nThe word appears from the Middle High German period referring to a ball used in games, e.g. skittles / bowling. A Swiss dialect form has an additional r, in Krugle, found already in Middle High German in the diminutive form krúgellin (Konrad of Würzburg, d. 1287). Another variant is contracted kūle, kaule, kulle. Low German and parts of West Central German used cognates of Klotz for the ball in skittles.\nThe sense “bullet” is probably an extension of the former use. However, it could theoretically be older than the introduction of firearms, because lead or iron spheres were already used as projectiles fired with slingshots.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Kugel",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Kügelchen",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "Kügelein",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "Küglein",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugerl",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "^chen,Kügeleinboth rare,Küglein,Kugerl"
},
"expansion": "Kugel f (genitive Kugel, plural Kugeln, diminutive Kügelchen n or (both rare) Kügelein n or Küglein n or Kugerl n)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "Babykugel"
},
{
"word": "Bowlingkugel"
},
{
"word": "Christbaumkugel"
},
{
"word": "Erdkugel"
},
{
"word": "Gewehrkugel"
},
{
"word": "Glaskugel"
},
{
"word": "Halbkugel"
},
{
"word": "Kristallkugel"
},
{
"word": "Mottenkugel"
},
{
"word": "Schneekugel"
},
{
"word": "Schrotkugel"
},
{
"word": "Stangenkugel"
},
{
"word": "Weihnachtsbaumkugel"
},
{
"word": "Weihnachtskugel"
},
{
"word": "Weltkugel"
},
{
"word": "Zielkugel"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Kugelblitz"
},
{
"word": "Kugelbombe"
},
{
"word": "Kugelfisch"
},
{
"word": "Kugelgelenk"
},
{
"word": "Kugelkopf"
},
{
"word": "Kugellager"
},
{
"word": "Kugeloberfäche"
},
{
"word": "Kugelschreiber"
},
{
"word": "Kugelstoßen"
},
{
"word": "Kugelumfang"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "13th century",
"references": []
}
],
"glosses": [
"a ball, usually solid"
],
"links": [
[
"ball",
"ball"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "15th century",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
"German terms with usage examples",
"de:Firearms"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"english": "The bullet went right through the heart.",
"text": "Die Kugel ging mitten ins Herz.",
"translation": "The bullet went right through the heart.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bullet, projectile"
],
"links": [
[
"firearm",
"firearm"
],
[
"bullet",
"bullet"
],
[
"projectile",
"projectile"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(firearms) bullet, projectile"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Projektil"
},
{
"word": "Geschoss"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"firearms",
"government",
"military",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"politics",
"tools",
"war",
"weaponry"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German terms with usage examples",
"de:Firearms"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"english": "He had three rounds left in the magazine.",
"text": "Er hatte noch drei Kugeln im Magazin.",
"translation": "He had three rounds left in the magazine.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"round, cartridge, bullet"
],
"links": [
[
"firearm",
"firearm"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"cartridge",
"cartridge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(firearms, loosely) round, cartridge, bullet"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Patrone"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"firearms",
"government",
"military",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"politics",
"tools",
"war",
"weaponry"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"scoop"
],
"links": [
[
"scoop",
"scoop"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of ice cream) scoop"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of ice cream"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Bällchen"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "16th century",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
"de:Astronomy",
"de:Geography"
],
"glosses": [
"orb, globe, celestial body"
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"orb",
"orb"
],
[
"globe",
"globe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy, geography) orb, globe, celestial body"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "16th century",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
"de:Geometry"
],
"glosses": [
"sphere, orb"
],
"links": [
[
"geometry",
"geometry"
],
[
"sphere",
"sphere"
],
[
"orb",
"orb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geometry) sphere, orb"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Sphäre"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"geometry",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"de:Heraldic charges"
],
"glosses": [
"roundel (of any tincture)"
],
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"roundel",
"roundel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) roundel (of any tincture)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkuːɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "De-Kugel.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/De-Kugel.ogg/De-Kugel.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/De-Kugel.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "Kugel"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German feminine nouns",
"German lemmas",
"German nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"de:Toys"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Kugel",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Kugeln",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "Kugel f (genitive Kugel, plural Kugeln)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "cowl",
"word": "Kogel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of Kogel (“cowl”)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kogel",
"Kogel#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkuːɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "De-Kugel.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/De-Kugel.ogg/De-Kugel.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/De-Kugel.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "Kugel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"Luxembourgish feminine nouns",
"Luxembourgish lemmas",
"Luxembourgish nouns",
"Luxembourgish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Luxembourgish terms inherited from Middle High German",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"kugel(e)",
"kugele#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"Kugel",
"Kugel#German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "kugele",
"4": "kugel(e)"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German kugel(e)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kugel"
},
"expansion": "German Kugel",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German kugel(e). See German Kugel for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Kugelen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Kigelchen",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "Kigelchen"
},
"expansion": "Kugel f (plural Kugelen, diminutive Kigelchen)",
"name": "lb-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ball, usually solid"
],
"links": [
[
"ball",
"ball"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Bull"
},
{
"word": "Klatz"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bullet, projectile"
],
"links": [
[
"bullet",
"bullet"
],
[
"projectile",
"projectile"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Projektil"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkuʁəl]"
}
],
"word": "Kugel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Plautdietsch entries with incorrect language header",
"Plautdietsch feminine nouns",
"Plautdietsch lemmas",
"Plautdietsch nouns",
"Plautdietsch terms borrowed from German",
"Plautdietsch terms derived from German"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Kjäajelkugel"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"Kugel",
"Kugel#German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "de",
"3": "Kugel"
},
"expansion": "German Kugel",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German Kugel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Kugels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Kuglen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "Kugel f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "Kugels",
"pl2": "Kuglen"
},
"expansion": "Kugel f (plural Kugels or Kuglen)",
"name": "pdt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ball, sphere"
],
"links": [
[
"ball",
"ball"
],
[
"sphere",
"sphere"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Baul"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bullet, shell"
],
"links": [
[
"bullet",
"bullet"
],
[
"shell",
"shell"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Patroon"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "Kugel"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Kugel meaning in All languages combined (14.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.